Friday, October 23, 2009

Quit crying conservatives

I am neither bitter nor cynical but I do wish there was less immaturity in political thinking.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

There are two things that have always bugged me to no end. People that do not vote, then complain about government and people that complain and offer no solutions. Complaining does nothing to solve the problem working together on solutions does, or so I'm told. However instead of working on solutions all the varying degrees of conservative American's can do is snivel and cry like a 2 year old being told no in a grocery store I believe the correct term here would be throwing a tantrum. You know the kind where you tell your child they are not being appropriate then you give them a time out. I often think that many of them actually slept through history class in high school as well.

When our 32nd President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, took office on March 4, 1933 The Great Depression was in full swing. 1 in 4 American workers were unemployed, 2 million were either homeless or living in Hooverville's, crop prices had fallen some 60 percent, drought and the Dust Bowl were making it so farmers could not even raise crops to sell and as a result they were foreclosed on and lost farms that had been in families for generations. To top it all off banks were failing as they failed hard working people lost their life savings, unlike today in the early 1930's there was no F.D.I.C. to protect their deposits. Then, just as it is now it was banks that lead the way in to the depression. Then just as now a Democratic president must lead Americans out of a hole dug by Republican president.

Someone once said something to the effect of, a people that fail to acknowledge their history are doomed to repeat it. In October of 2001 American and British troops invaded Afghanistan to find, capture or kill those involved with the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Success' were quick as the allied troops quickly unseated the ruling Taliban, a group that ruled the country under draconian Islamic law and gave shelter to those involved. They then turned their focus on to the mountainous northeastern part of the country along the Pakistani border to begin the search for Osama bin Laden and the rest of al-Quida. Some how though the focus was turned to Iraq which was said to be making weapons of mass destruction or WMD's.

Iraq was no threat to American soil in fact since Desert Storm, with the exception of gassing Kurds he was being the whipped pup he was. He was not harboring terrorists, in fact he considered terrorists a threat to his regime. So rather then focus on the mission at hand George W. Bush decided to invade Iraq, against the better judgment of just about every nation on the planet with the exceptions of the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland. As it turned out there were no WMD's and they had abandoned their programs in 1991. however Islamic terrorists and insurgents showed up in droves. While Bush was proclaiming mission accomplished on the deck of an aircraft carrier soldiers and Marines were dying in what could be equated to a 21st century version of Vietnam. All the while running up trillions in deficits.

Then in 2008 the mortgage crisis hit, once again banks and financiers are in trouble, Bush authorizes billions in bail out cash for the banks and makes a token gesture to the ones that really need the help, people losing there homes to foreclosure. Banks are still failing, as of this writing 103 so far this year. American jobs disappear and unemployment pushes the 10 percent mark. History once again, starts to repeat itself. No it is not 1 in 4 workers unemployed but 1 in 10, but the unemployed numbers of today are a bit deceptive because they only count those getting unemployment benefits and not those whose benefits have run out and are still unemployed. Many have been unemployed for over a year and they are in a catch 22 of companies that will not hire people that have not worked in the last six months.

All of this started under the Bush administration and his 8 years of fumbling and playing for his puppet master Dick Cheney. Barack Obama has only been in office 10 months and it was less then a week before conservatives started calling his presidency a failed effort. If you paid attention in history, you would know how long it took FDR to lift out nation of of the worst economic crisis in its history.

All conservatives seem they can do is belly ache, complain and call a 10 month old presidency a failure. They offer no solutions nor ever bring any to the table. They accuse the President of being a Socialist, I can tell you one thing for sure, I am a Socialist and Barack Obama does not even come close to being one. We are the only nation where a person can go bankrupt because of a major medical issue in their family, health care should not be a commodity for sale to the highest bidder it is a right that is called for in the guideline of our nation the preamble of the Constitution, where it says "...promote the general welfare...", my guess is that conservatives slept through civics as well or they would understand the establishment clause of the 1st Amendment. The point is that people are dying because they have no health insurance and in our nation that should not acceptable but apparently to conservatives it is.

So conservatives, what ever your degree, quit complaining and offer solutions instead. President Obama, although I have never met him, seems a reasonable man that is always willing to listen to both sides. You might find people will like you much more when your not throwing a tantrum.





Monday, September 21, 2009

A little levity to brighten your day

I got this in a forwarded email today and got quite the chuckle out of it so I thought I'd share it here.

THE ECONOMY IS SO BAD THAT …

I got a pre-declined credit card in the mail.

I ordered a burger at McDonalds and the kid behind the counter asked, "Can you afford fries with that?"

CEO's are now playing miniature golf.

If the bank returns your check marked "Insufficient Funds" you call them and ask if they meant you or them.

Hot Wheels and Matchbox stocks are trading higher than GM.

McDonalds is selling the Quarter Ouncer.

Parents in Beverly Hills fired their nannies and learned their children's names.

A truckload of Americans was caught sneaking into Mexico.

Dick Cheney took his stockbroker hunting.

Motel Six won't leave the light on anymore.

The Mafia is laying off judges.

Exxon-Mobil laid off 25 Congressmen.

Congress says they are looking into this Bernard Madoff scandal. Oh Great!! The guy who made $50 Billion disappear is being investigated by the people who made $1.5 Trillion disappear!

Tuesday, June 30, 2009

Was I sarcastic enough?

"Relying on the government to protect your privacy\
is like asking a peeping tom to install your window blinds".

- John Perry Barlow, Cyberlibertarian

What follows is my posting this week in my current class "Computer Literacy" we are discussing the Computer Aided Pre-screening System (now called Secure Flight) used by TSA at an airport near you. I was attempting to be sarcastic with it but I'm not really sure if I pulled it off. Please leave your comments and let me know what you think, thanks in advance.

Secure Flight

In his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell, describes a London that is landscaped with posters bearing the words, "BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING", also filling both the public and "private" spaces of the population is a two way television known as "the Telescreen" that was both a receiver and transmitter designed to monitor your movements and words. In a paranoid post 9/11 world that is becoming more and more Orwellian, we must submit ourselves to the scrutiny of the government who deems if we can or can not travel via airplane from point A to point B.

The system originally begun in the 1990's as the Computer Aided Passenger Pre-screening System (CAPPS) is now known as Secure Flight, which is adminsitered by the Transportation Security Agency (TSA) a part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

The process is actually quite simple, when you make your reservation with the airline of your choice you give them the following information:
Name (first and last)
Address
Phone number
Driver's Licence or state ID number
Date of birth
and of coarse your airline gives TSA your intinerary

Once TSA has all this information they make sure your not some sort of evil doer felon on the lamb, a known terrorist, a suspected terrorist (at this point I seem to recall something about due process or some such we had at one time, could have just been a utopian dream I had once), on the no fly list or the dreded selectee list (which means your extra special and get the new and improved enhanced screening). Once TSA put you through the ringer, so to speak, they send information back to your airline which tells them to mark your boarding pass with their super secret TSA code that tells the TSA screeners at the airport how fast you get to go through security.

Now there are two major problems with these lists. First is that the only people that actually know who is on the list is TSA. Second is that TSA will not tell the American public what the criteria is for being put on the list. What I find disconcerting about this is, when Adolf Hitler was in power in Germany in the 1930's and WW II, the Nazi's kept secret lists of peoples names that were being singled out for "special treatment" and it was not a good thing.

Is Secure Flight an infringement on my privacy? I think it is, in fact the entire boarding process since 9/11 has become a joke that is one major infringement of personal privacy and a waste of tax dollars. If I go somewhere I no longer fly because of it, I take Amtrak or drive instead. Why, you may ask? Because I know that if a terrorist is determined to make himself a martyr it does not matter how many layers security you have, he will find a way to do it.

http://w2.eff.org/Privacy/cappsii/background.php

http://www.tsa.gov/what_we_do/layers/secureflight/index.shtm#howitworks

http://epic.org/privacy/airtravel/secureflight.html

http://epic.org/privacy/airtravel/foia/watchlist_foia_analysis.html

Sunday, June 28, 2009

I'm 50 should I be concerned?

"The longer I live the more beautiful life becomes".
-Frank Lloyd Wright

OK this is getting to be a little disconcerting. First Michael Jackson dies age 50, this morning pitchman Billy Mays passes on age 50. Now I'm wondering if I'm going to be next at age 50.

I'm overweight, diabetic and smoke, that's three strikes. Maybe I should start thinking about burial insurance or some such. I have passed the life expectancy of a homeless person which is like 47 and I was homeless for 3 years in Seattle. The deck keeps stacking against me here now I am worried.

Well when ever it happens I just hope it's quick and not some long lingering thing. The best part is when it does happen since I am not a person in the public eye it won't make front page news or dominate headlines, the only people that will notice are my family and friends and the tides of Willapa Bay will continue to change, in other words peoples lives will continue on their daily routines.

Anonymity at times can be a very good thing.

Friday, June 26, 2009

The whole world is watching Neda Agha-Soltan

CAUTION: THIS BLOG ENTRY CONTAINS GRAPHIC IMAGES OF VIOLENCE THAT MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR YOUNG CHILDREN OR MORE SENSITIVE READERS!

"Violence can only concealed by a lie, and the lie can only be maintained by violence.”
- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

I have yet to see an image of a captured moment in time that did not inspire me, anger me or make me wonder about the world around me. This past Saturday (June 20, 2009) I saw images that at first horrified me, eventually that horror turned to rage and had me wondering just what kind of government could do or even allow those charged with the protection of its citizenry to murder and maim the very same people they have (or at least I assume they have) sworn to protect. But then all I have to do is go back not quite 50 years to see our own governments, particularly the segregationist south's, handy work at trying to quash the voices of those fighting to bring an end to Jim Crow and get an equal stake in the American Dream.

I was very young at the time but for some reason those black & white images captured on 16mm film flickering across our Zenith on the news are etched in my mind. I had no clue as to what racism and segregation was at that time. At Dyer Street Elementary in Sylmar, California where I started school the classroom was a kaleidoscope of human color. For what ever reasons though my mind latched on to those images of Eugene "Bull" Connor and his thugs using fire hoses on children and German Shepherds on peaceful demonstrators. It was because of those images we witnessed the death of Jim Crow.











In 1968 the world watched as Mayor Richard J. Daley unleashed the Chicago Police Department a
gainst people assembled to protest the war in Vietnam, outside the Democratic National Convention. Just days earlier 5 nations of the Warsaw Pact lead by the then Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in order to bring an end to the Prague Spring which was an attempt by the Czech's to "de-Stalinize" their nation and make it more democratic. The images made it out of Czechoslovakia and the world saw Soviet oppression first hand with an image it would see repeated 21 years later in Tiananmen Square . 109 Czech's would die and another 500 would be wounded.









In 1970 with the focus was once again on Vietnam with unarmed students at Kent State University in Ohio protesting the incursio
ns in to Cambodia. Ohio National Guardsmen would fire 67 rounds in 13 seconds and the world would see the deadly results as 4 would die most of whom were just walking near by. In 1989 the world would see a near repeat of Czechoslovakia in 1968 at what would call The Tiananmen Square Massacre. According to the Red Cross 2,500 were killed and another 7,000 to 10,000 were wounded as the People's Republic of China annihilated the voice of dissent and democracy.
Ten years later in 1999, Seattle, Washington Mayor Paul Schell and the Seattle Police Department would once again attempt to quash the voice of dissent in what would be come known as The Battle of Seattle. The internet had come of age and the chant became "the whole world is watching". And it was as over 600 were arrested and scores injured by rubber bullets and baton wielding police. Even though the Battle of Seattle was a success the WTO still only operates in the interest of multi-national corporations.
Now once again here in the 21st century we are seeing the very same thing happening in Iran. The voice of dissent being oppressed by a theocratic fascist government, that is murdering its own people. Once again much like the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia the Iranian government is attempting, with out much success, to keep the world from seeing the atrocities they are committing against their own people. One image has become the symbol of that fight for a people seeking to have their voices heard. She was a 27 year old woman unarmed and observing what was going on when a shot was fired from a near by roof top that would hit her in the chest and 12 seconds later she would be dead. Her name Neda in Persian means "voice", "calling" or "Divine message".
She has become the "Voice of Iran" and as in times past the voice of the people shall prevail despite what ever means tyrants use to suppress it and once again the whole world is watching.


Remembering Michael Jackson

I know, I know there's probably a thousand other people blogging about the loss on June 25 of Michael Jackson. There are those that think him an evil monster even though he was found not guilty of child molestation charges or enjoyed ridiculing him for his seeming obsession for plastic surgery. Then there were those that regaled him as "The King of Pop". Me, I always just thought of him as one hell of an entertainer, that had the same human frailties as the rest of us, they were just magnified because he was in the public eye. I must admit however that when he went to live in Dubai, I began to think of him as something of a 21st century Howard Hughes, despite that I still love listening to his music.

I still remember the first time I heard Michael belt out a song, I had a pocket sized transistor radio that ran off a 9 volt battery and had an ear bud with KYNO filling my head with sound that winter of 1969-1970. I had no idea when I heard "I Want You Back" for the first time that Michael was just a tad under 4 months older then I am. What he and his brothers had managed to do in that 3 minutes and 3 seconds was to turn me on to "The Motown Sound", I dug the rhythms, bass lines and harmonies, from that would grow my love of Do Wop and Blues. "Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5" would be my first album with the Motown label on it.

I will not remember Michael for his eccentricities, his legal or financial problems. I will remember him for his contributions to music, for being a trailblazer and most of all for the joy his songs would bring to myself and the world.

I will not normally give bandwidth in my blog to celebrities but this has been a truly sad week for those whose faces are as familiar to our cultural identity as our own family is to us. Ed McMahon, whose booming laugh filled our ears every night at 11:30 Eastern and Pacific 10:30 Central and Mountain and could stop Johnny Carson in his tracks and make him do a double take. Farrah Fawcet whose image adorned not just my bedroom wall but the walls of tens of thousands of males of my generation as the Betty Grable of the 1970's and of coarse Michael Jackson. My deepest sympathies go out to all of their families and I know in my heart that when I look up in the sky tonight three stars that shone here on earth will continue to shine in the heavens above. May you all rest in peace.

Wednesday, June 24, 2009

Death On the Streets of America

What follows is my research paper for my English Composition II class. I hope that it enlightens you as much as it did me and that it will help you start a dialogue with others on how to address the issues of affordable housing and homelessness...

Death On The Streets of America
You must be the change you want to see in the world
- Mahatma Gandhi


Typically when someone dies they are in a hospital, hospice or even at home, more often then not surrounded by family, friends or others that will grieve their loss. However, there is a segment of the population that, for the most part goes unnoticed, and will instead be discovered dead in doorways, on a park bench, in an alley or a myriad of other places were the homeless are found. Their death only noted by the local coroner’s office, which must perform an autopsy because it is an unattended death plus locate any next of kin and the local constabulary who investigate if foul play or other suspicious circumstances are suspected. Homelessness is a pervasive problem across the country and each year the homeless die on the streets they call home; by taking simple outcome based actions a vast majority of these deaths are preventable.

For what ever reason or cause someone who is homeless in King County, will have their life expectancy drop by thirty years compared to other people across the country and are thirteen times more likely to be the victim of a homicide; in 2005 a total 98 people died homeless (King, 2006). To put those 98 in perspective on 30 January 2009 the Seattle/King County Coalition on Homelessness (SKCCH) did a one night count in the urban areas of King County as part of a national count done by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). On that night SKCCH counted 2,827 persons, this number did not include the estimated 6,000 people in shelters or transitional housing (SKCCH, 2009). Using the 2005 number, the latest available, potentially nearly 4 percent or 109 of that population could be deceased by years end.

In comparison Los Angeles County in California, has a population of 73,000 homeless. Between 1 January 2000 and 28 May 2007 the coroner's office reported an average one homeless death a day, with the total number being 2,815, in 2005 alone there were over 450 homeless deaths; the peak year during the seven and a half year study was 2006 with 551 deaths and the lowest being 2002 when 270 died (Hawke, Davis, Erlenbusch, Los Angeles Coalition to End Hunger & Homelessness, Stoops, 2007).

The leading causes of death for the homeless in King County were acute intoxication (30), cardiovascular disease (14), suicide (10), accident (10) and homicide (8). Chief among the problems cited in these deaths was that of accessibility to early and preventive health care, only about one third of those that died in 2005 had seen a health care professional. Mental health, substance abuse and transportation issues are also given as blockages to care. These numbers are not reflective also of the homeless that did find their way to a clinic and died under a Doctor's care (King, 2006).

On a more national scale one problem that has been noted is that of hate crimes that result in death against the homeless. From 1999 to 2007 the National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH) has documented 774 acts of violence in 45 states that have resulted in the deaths of 217 people. The acts have ranged from setting someone sleeping on a bench on fire to decapitation (NCH, 2008). In interviews conducted with homeless individuals in Seattle by the author, the people interviewed all stated they feared being attacked by someone that is housed more then by someone that is homeless when ever they have to spend a night on the streets rather than in the relative safety of a shelter.

Just who are and how many homeless are there in the United States. The federal government defines someone that is homeless as someone that does not have a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence and lives in a shelter or other temporary accommodations (McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 1986). Beginning in 2002 the United States Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD) began preparing the Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) for congress, the most recent one submitted to congress in July of 2008. The purpose of the AHAR is to gain an understanding of the problem of homelessness (HUD, 2008).

A part of the AHAR is a one night “Point In Time” (PIT) count. The most recent PIT available from HUD was done in January of 2007. On that night volunteers around the country counted a total of 671,888 both sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons; of that number 423,377 were individuals and 248,511 were families. From October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007 HUD estimates 1,589,000 or 1 in every 200 Americans used shelter or transitional housing (HUD, 2008).

Though current data does not support it, a concern among some local government leaders is that as a result of the current housing foreclosure and mortgage crisis, high unemployment, unaffordable market rate housing for the poor and long waiting lists for subsidized housing these numbers will rise (Conference of Mayors, 2008). Adding to these concerns is the shortage of shelter beds. The City and County of Los Angeles, with their 73,000 homeless is only able to provide shelter to 16.7% of that number (Hawke et. al., 2007). For the entire nation when the 2007 PIT was done there was 422,656 year round shelter beds, if you add in the 21,025 seasonal beds along with the 30,477 voucher beds you had national capacity of 480,158 shelter beds (HUD, 2008). A short fall of 191,730 beds, when one of the interviewees was asked about the shortage of available beds he replied, “my worst anxiety last winter was the shelters lottery system for getting a spot to sleep", A homeless man interviwed by the author stated "I constantly prayed that I would have a winning number and not have to spend a night outsider”.

One thing the author asked all three of the interviewees; what was the cause of them being homeless, number 1, a male in his mid 30's stated that even though he was working at a just above minimum job his paycheck was being garnished for child support, after the support was taken out each week he was unable to afford housing. Number 2, was a female in her 20's; she cited the reasons for her being homeless were substance abuse combined with mental health issues. Both subjects 1 and 2 were interviewed at a shelter in Seattle, Washington. Number 3 was a male also in his 30's; he also cited substance abuse problems as the reason for his homelessness. He was interviewed in an encampment located along Interstate 5 in Seattle.

The reasons cited by all three for the most part supported a study done by the U.S. Conference of Mayors. Of the 25 cities that participated 68% of them cited substance abuse as the number one cause for homelessness; it was followed by lack of affordable housing at 60% and mental illness with 48% for single adults and unaccompanied youth. For families in those cities the lack of affordable housing was number 1 with 72%; this was followed by poverty 52% and unemployment 44% (Conference of Mayors, 2008).

In 2006 the average housed American had a life expectancy of 77-1/2 years, of the 98 homeless persons that died in King County the average age was 47 years old (King, 2006). Los Angeles County was only slightly higher at 48.1 (Hawke et. al., 2007). In a report on homeless deaths the King County Health Care for the Homeless Network stated "Like previous studies of homeless deaths, the causes ... continue to reflect the harsh realities and risks faced by those who live on the streets and in shelters — chronic health conditions, traumas and the troubling role of alcohol and drugs" (King, 2006). No matter how someone dies on the street be it through some self-inflicted means such as acute intoxication or suicide; an accidental death such as a man killed by a brush cutter along Interstate 5 in Seattle (Homeless man, 2007), homicide, more natural causes such as cardiovascular disease or from exposure to the elements, of which Los Angeles County between 2000 and 2007 attributed 8 deaths to (Hawke et. al., 2007), there is no dignity in dying alone in a rat infested alley or some underbrush in a park or along a freeway.

Many cities are taking action to try and make homelessness a thing of the past; Fresno, California is one of many that have launched an ambitious 10 year plans that has the goal of reducing homelessness to something you would see in a museum (Rhodes, 2008). The National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH) 10 year plan consists of four parts; planning for outcomes by using better ways of collecting data and having an out-come driven planning process among agencies that assist the homeless. “closing the front door” by making funding more focused, “opening the back door” by getting people out of the shelters and off the street and in to permanent housing as quickly as possible, at lastly creating more affordable housing (Surface, 2004). 10 year plans are great for reducing the number of homeless in the shelters and on the streets. In simple terms fewer homeless fewer people dying on the streets.

Benjamin Franklin once wrote, “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”. The key lies in prevention, making social and human services available to someone before they lose their housing will go a long way to reducing numbers of the homeless. Community activism and involvement in areas where there are severe shortages of shelter space, like Los Angeles County can help people get off the street and in to programs that can offer for example mental health and substance abuse treatment. By having Physician's Assistants or Nurse Practitioner's in shelters the door is opened to the homeless with chronic conditions to get the treatment they need. Hospitals and clinics that have human services workers on staff to assist the homeless get the services they may need and aid them in applying for such programs as General Assistance, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and implementing an expedited application process’ while they are still hospitalized for subsidized housing with local housing authorities or groups. Rather then be reactive to the problem of homelessness there is a need to be proactive.

Currently Maryland is the only state where an attack on a homeless person is considered a hate crime (NCH, 2008). States need to toughen laws for crimes committed against the homeless and the F.B.I. Needs to track statistics of crimes committed against them. One way to reduce these chilling thrill acts is education and having high schoolers volunteer at local shelters.

Depending on the jurisdiction if the body remains unclaimed it is either buried, cremated or used as an educational cadaver, all with out the ceremony afforded to the housed; except on December 21, of each year when homeless advocates gather in cities across the country to honor those that died with no home. As a society we need to remember that the homeless are people and are entitled to live their lives with dignity and enjoy the basic rights of food, health care, and most of all shelter. By letting just one person die on the streets we are denying them that.

References

Conference of Mayors, U.S. (2008, December) Hunger and Homelessness Survey Author. Washington D.C. retrieved May 16, 2009 from http://tinyurl.com/4rlext

Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Planning and Development, U.S. (HUD) (2008) The Third Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress. Author. Washington D.C.

Hawke, Whitney, Davis, Max, Erlenbusch, Bob, Los Angeles Coalition to End Hunger & Homelessness, Stoops, Michael (2007) Dying Without Dignity: Homeless Deaths in Los Angeles County 2000-2007 Author. Los Angeles. Retrieved May 18, 2009 from http://tinyurl.com/o76o25

Homeless man killed by brush cutter is identified (2007, June 5) The Seattle Times Retrieved May 31, 2009 from http://tinyurl.com/ma7kf2

King, Warren. “94 deaths of homeless people highlight lack of care.” (2006, Dec. 5) The Seattle Times Retrieved May 22, 2009 from http://tinyurl.com/ljfdtj

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 1986 Pub. L. 100-77 § 11302, 101 Stat. 482 (1987)

National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH) (2008, November) Hate Crimes and Violence Against People Experiencing Homelessness retrieved May 18, 2009 from http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/hatecrimes.html

Rhodes, Mike (2008, September 9) Fresno’s 10 Year Plan to End Homelessness Approved Retrieved May 31, 2009 from http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2008/09/09/18534640.php

Seattle/King County Coalition on Homelessness (2009) 2009 One Night Count retrieved May 26, 2009 from http://www.homelessinfo.org/onc.html

Surface, David (2004) The 10 Year Plan to End Homelessness Social Work Today 4 (1) 14

Lawyers Working to End Homelessness